繼電(dian)器觸點通常用什么材質(zhi)？
要(yao)了解繼電器的(de)觸(chu)點(dian)材質，首先(xian)要(yao)了解下繼電器的(de)觸(chu)點(dian)：
繼電器觸點概述：
繼電器的(de)(de)觸點(dian)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)處(chu)于常開或者常閉(bi)的(de)(de)狀態，也就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)簡單的(de)(de)理解為開關常開或者常關使信號(hao)接通或者斷開的(de)(de)接點(dian)就(jiu)(jiu)叫繼電器的(de)(de)觸點(dian)。
觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)式繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)最(zui)重要組成部分(fen)之一。觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)性能(neng)(neng)受到(dao)諸如觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)材料、接觸(chu)(chu)壓(ya)力、負(fu)載類 型、工作頻率、大(da)(da)氣環境、觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)配(pei)置及跳動等因素的(de)影響。如果其(qi)中(zhong)任何因素不能(neng)(neng)滿足(zu)預定(ding)值(zhi)，可能(neng)(neng) 就(jiu)要發生諸如觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)間的(de)金屬(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學腐蝕、觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熔焊、磨(mo)損、觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻快(kuai)速增加等點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接觸(chu)(chu)問題。觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de) 額定(ding)負(fu)載是指電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)式繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器允許分(fen)斷(duan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，負(fu)載的(de)大(da)(da)小決(jue)定(ding)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)式繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器能(neng)(neng)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) 流(liu)的(de)大(da)(da)小。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器在使用過程中(zhong)不能(neng)(neng)超過這兩個值(zhi)，否(fou)則(ze)會很容易造(zao)成繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)損壞。
繼電器觸點形(xing)式：
觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)的(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)形(xing)式(shi)有(you)三(san)種(zhong)，即點(dian)(dian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)、線接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)和(he)面接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)。就電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)而(er)言，觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)的(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)形(xing)式(shi)多為點(dian)(dian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)。市面上常(chang)見的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)有(you)一組(zu)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)、兩組(zu)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)和(he)三(san)組(zu)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)的(de)。為了保證在(zai)實驗(yan)過程中(zhong)最(zui)大程度避免觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)本身因(yin)為質量問題造成的(de)偶然失效，并(bing)盡(jin)可能保證在(zai)最(zui)大空間內檢測觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)壓力(li)，所以(yi)實驗(yan)過程中(zhong)放棄選(xuan)取(qu)具(ju)有(you)一組(zu)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)和(he)三(san)組(zu)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，而(er)選(xuan)擇具(ju)有(you)兩組(zu)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)。
在(zai)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態下，動、靜觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)脫離(li)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)時，如果(guo)被分斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)超(chao)過(guo)某一數(shu)值（不(bu)同(tong)(tong)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)材料(liao)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)，額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)也(ye)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)），或分斷(duan)后加在(zai)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)兩(liang)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)超(chao)過(guo)某一數(shu)值（不(bu)同(tong)(tong)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)材料(liao)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)，額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)也(ye)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)）時，觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)中就會產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧實際上(shang)是(shi)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)間(jian)(jian)氣體在(zai)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場下產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)現(xian)象(xiang)，產(chan)生高溫并發(fa)出強光和火花(hua)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧的(de)(de)(de)存在(zai)，既燒損觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)金屬表面，降低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)壽(shou)命，又延(yan)長(chang)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)分斷(duan)時間(jian)(jian)，甚至造成繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)失效(xiao)，嚴重時會引起火災或氣體事故。所以要準(zhun)確地檢測(ce)出觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)壓(ya)(ya)力的(de)(de)(de)變化規律(lv)，必須保證在(zai)實驗過(guo)程中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)分斷(duan)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)以及施加在(zai)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)兩(liang)端的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)不(bu)能超(chao)過(guo)額(e)定值。
繼(ji)電器(qi)觸點是(shi)什(shen)么材質(zhi)？
繼(ji)電(dian)器觸(chu)點材(cai)(cai)料(liao)常用材(cai)(cai)料(liao)有：純金(jin)屬材(cai)(cai)料(liao)；金(jin)屬合金(jin)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)；金(jin)屬陶瓷材(cai)(cai)料(liao)（粉末冶(ye)金(jin)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)）。觸(chu)點容量與材(cai)(cai)料(liao)有關(guan)(guan)系，一(yi)般的(de)(de)用銅或(huo)鍍(du)銀，對觸(chu)點要求導通電(dian)阻小的(de)(de)用鍍(du)金(jin)，大電(dian)流高強度的(de)(de)場合用鎢，當然(ran)還有其它合金(jin)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)，都是與應用（容量、耐(nai)壓）有關(guan)(guan)。
電(dian)(dian)磁繼電(dian)(dian)器利用觸(chu)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“通(tong)”、“斷”來實現對電(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制。觸(chu)點(dian)間接觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)大(da)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)異引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)觸(chu)點(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓降(jiang)是(shi)不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)。觸(chu)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)愈(yu)大(da)，觸(chu)點(dian)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓降(jiang)也愈(yu)大(da)。由此帶來的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響是(shi)：
1）增加觸點發熱(re)，縮短觸點的(de)使用壽命(ming)；
2）降低負(fu)載上的(de)有(you)效(xiao)電(dian)壓。
為了(le)避(bi)免上(shang)述影響，要求盡可能(neng)減小觸(chu)(chu)點的(de)接觸(chu)(chu)電(dian)阻(zu)。應該選(xuan)用導電(dian)性能(neng)好的(de)材料。常用的(de)材料有：紫銅，銀(yin)，銀(yin)的(de)導電(dian)性能(neng)比紫銅更好。
對于用在(zai)小信號(hao)回路中的(de)(de)(de)小型(xing)繼電(dian)器(qi)，由于控制電(dian)流較(jiao)(jiao)小，觸點的(de)(de)(de)接觸面較(jiao)(jiao)小，也可以采(cai)用表面鍍金的(de)(de)(de)紫銅觸點。
