繼電器觸點通常用什么材質？2020-05-29 15:44:00

    繼電器觸點通常用什么材質(zhi)？

    要了解繼電器的觸(chu)點材(cai)質，首先要了解下繼電器的觸(chu)點：

    繼電器觸點概述：

　　繼電器(qi)的(de)(de)觸點(dian)就是處于常開或者常閉的(de)(de)狀態(tai)，也就是簡(jian)單的(de)(de)理解為開關(guan)常開或者常關(guan)使信號(hao)接(jie)通(tong)或者斷開的(de)(de)接(jie)點(dian)就叫繼電器(qi)的(de)(de)觸點(dian)。

　　觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)是(shi)電(dian)磁(ci)式繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)的最重要組成部分(fen)之一(yi)。觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)的性能(neng)受到諸(zhu)如觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)材(cai)料、接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)壓(ya)力、負載類 型(xing)、工作(zuo)頻率、大氣環境、觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)配置(zhi)及跳動等(deng)因素的影(ying)響。如果其中任何因素不(bu)能(neng)滿足(zu)預定(ding)(ding)值(zhi)(zhi)，可(ke)能(neng) 就要發生(sheng)諸(zhu)如觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)間的金(jin)屬電(dian)化學腐蝕、觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)熔焊、磨(mo)損、觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)電(dian)阻快速增(zeng)加等(deng)點(dian)接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)問題。觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)的 額定(ding)(ding)負載是(shi)指電(dian)磁(ci)式繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)允許分(fen)斷(duan)的電(dian)壓(ya)和(he)電(dian)流，負載的大小(xiao)決定(ding)(ding)了電(dian)磁(ci)式繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)能(neng)控制(zhi)電(dian)壓(ya)和(he)電(dian) 流的大小(xiao)。電(dian)磁(ci)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)在(zai)使用過程中不(bu)能(neng)超過這兩個值(zhi)(zhi)，否則會很容(rong)易(yi)造成繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)的損壞。

　　繼電(dian)器觸(chu)點形式：

　　觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)形式有(you)三(san)種，即點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)、線接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)和(he)面接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)。就電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)而(er)(er)言，觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)形式多為點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)。市(shi)面上(shang)常見的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)有(you)一組(zu)(zu)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、兩組(zu)(zu)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)三(san)組(zu)(zu)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)。為了(le)保(bao)證在(zai)實(shi)驗過程(cheng)中最大程(cheng)度避免觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)本身(shen)因為質(zhi)量問題造成的(de)(de)(de)偶(ou)然失效，并盡可能(neng)保(bao)證在(zai)最大空間內檢(jian)測觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)壓力，所(suo)以(yi)實(shi)驗過程(cheng)中放(fang)棄選(xuan)取具(ju)有(you)一組(zu)(zu)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)三(san)組(zu)(zu)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，而(er)(er)選(xuan)擇(ze)具(ju)有(you)兩組(zu)(zu)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)。

　　在通電(dian)(dian)狀態下(xia)(xia)，動、靜(jing)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點脫(tuo)離接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)時(shi)，如果(guo)被分斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)超過某一(yi)數值（不(bu)同繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點材(cai)料(liao)不(bu)同，額(e)(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)也不(bu)同），或(huo)分斷(duan)(duan)后加在觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點間隙(xi)兩(liang)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)超過某一(yi)數值（不(bu)同繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點材(cai)料(liao)不(bu)同，額(e)(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)也不(bu)同）時(shi)，觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點間隙(xi)中就會產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)。電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)實際上是觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點間氣體在強電(dian)(dian)場(chang)下(xia)(xia)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)現象，產(chan)生高(gao)溫并發出強光和火花。電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)的(de)(de)(de)存(cun)在，既燒損觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點金屬表面(mian)，降(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)器壽命，又延長(chang)了電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)分斷(duan)(duan)時(shi)間，甚至造成(cheng)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)失(shi)效(xiao)，嚴重時(shi)會引起火災(zai)或(huo)氣體事故。所以(yi)要準確地檢測出觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)壓(ya)力的(de)(de)(de)變化規律，必須保(bao)證在實驗(yan)過程中，電(dian)(dian)磁繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器分斷(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)以(yi)及施加在繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點兩(liang)端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不(bu)能(neng)超過額(e)(e)定(ding)值。

　　繼電器觸點是(shi)什么材(cai)質？

　　繼電器觸(chu)(chu)點材(cai)料(liao)(liao)常用(yong)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)有(you)：純金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)；金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)；金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)陶(tao)瓷材(cai)料(liao)(liao)（粉末冶金(jin)(jin)(jin)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)）。觸(chu)(chu)點容量(liang)與材(cai)料(liao)(liao)有(you)關系，一般的(de)用(yong)銅或鍍銀，對觸(chu)(chu)點要求導通(tong)電阻小的(de)用(yong)鍍金(jin)(jin)(jin)，大(da)電流高強度的(de)場合(he)用(yong)鎢(wu)，當然還有(you)其它合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)，都(dou)是(shi)與應用(yong)（容量(liang)、耐壓）有(you)關。

　　電(dian)磁(ci)繼電(dian)器利用觸點(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)“通”、“斷(duan)”來實現對電(dian)路的(de)控(kong)制。觸點(dian)(dian)(dian)間接觸電(dian)阻(zu)大(da)小的(de)差異引(yin)起的(de)觸點(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)壓降(jiang)是(shi)不同的(de)。觸點(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)接觸電(dian)阻(zu)愈大(da)，觸點(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)的(de)電(dian)壓降(jiang)也(ye)愈大(da)。由此帶來的(de)影響是(shi)：

    1）增加觸點發熱，縮(suo)短觸點的使(shi)用壽命；

    2）降低負載上的有效電壓。

　　為了(le)避(bi)免上述影響，要(yao)求盡可能減小觸點的接觸電阻。應該(gai)選用(yong)導電性能好的材料。常用(yong)的材料有：紫銅，銀，銀的導電性能比紫銅更好。

　　對于用(yong)在小信號回(hui)路中的(de)小型(xing)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)，由于控制電(dian)流較小，觸(chu)點(dian)的(de)接觸(chu)面(mian)較小，也可(ke)以采用(yong)表面(mian)鍍金(jin)的(de)紫銅觸(chu)點(dian)。